AUTOBAY - BUY YOUR FIRST CAR WITH ETHERUM

INTRODUCTION
Autobay is the first ecommerce platform based on the Ethereum blockchain that allows users to sell, buy and auction cars using cryptocurrency as payment method. Autobay will become the largest automotive environment in the world whose main objective is to create legitimacy to the cryptocurrency market by allowing the use of Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) and Autobay Tokens (ABX) as a Financial Asset to acquire goods.

BACKGROUND
In almost 10 years from 1997 to 2006 the automotive industry almost duplicated its’ production, from 54,000,000 units to 94,000,000 units produced in one year. The automotive industry works on two main business unit, new and used vehicles. The increase in population around the world that can now access to buy a vehicle, either a truck or family vehicle and those people that sell their used cars to purchase a new one. This two groups combined create an industry of over $ 3 Trillion (US Dollars) a year.

On the other side, through the expansion of internet and the increase of Smart phones (reaching 1 out of 3 people in the world) ecommerce platforms have become the faster and simpler way to sell goods of any kind, and vehicles are not the exception.

THE PROBLEM 
Like in Real Estate, in the Automotive industry buyers and sellers transact large amounts of FIAT currency every single day. Purchasing a new or used vehicle, implies that large amounts of FIAT currency is changing hands on a daily basis. In many instances, this is done in cash. Securing a down payment, buying or selling to or from a private citizen, making a deposit to a financial institution or dealership, this exchange is no less than risky, stressful, and insecure.  

THE SOLUTION 
Cryptocurrency Payment 
Autobay is a decentralized ecommerce platform that allows users to promote their vehicles for everyone to see them online allowing users from all over the world to purchase such vehicles using cryptocurrencies as a payment method. Autobay creates a much simplified, safe experience when buying a vehicle, allowing people to buy a car in just 3 easy and safe steps. Step one, the person has to browse for the car they want, using filters that shorten their search to specific brand, model, year, millage, price range and location (radius in km). Step two, when a person finds the car they want, either new or used, they just click in button that appears in the publication that says I’m interested, entailing that they are willing to visit the location where the vehicle is, in order to assess the car. By pressing the I’m interested button, both parties, seller and buyer receive each other’s profile information. In this way one of the factors creating uncertainty is diluted given the seller knows who is selling the car and can see previous reviews of other users who have bought from him in the past and private sellers know who to let into their homes. 

FINANCIAL MODEL 
Main provisions and assumptions of Autobay´s financial model.

• Operating expenses are covered with Autobay´s profit and fixed capital; 
• Company profit is comprised of: 

1. User (DApps) payments for publishing vehicles within the platform, 
2. Company´s advertising on the platform (mobile and web). 
3. Company´s lending Autobay (ABX) Tokens to third party lender to provide buyers with financing.  The fixed capital of the company is comprised of the cryptocurrency assets raised during the Token Sale. 

• Main expenses: 

1. Project team salaries (including in house development) and associated costs (office and equipment rent, taxes); 
2. Marketing costs – attracting new users; 
3. Listing on exchanges; 

• The main factors affecting the financial state of the company are: 

1. The number of users (DApps) and their demand for the service; 
2. Cost per user (user acquisition); 
3. The number of dealerships and private sellers supplying vehicles to the platform. 

• Amount of vehicles published within the site increases in direct proportion to amount of countries and exponentially given increasing acceptance and expansion of the platform. 
• Estimated maximum number of vehicles published in platform per country is 67,500 on Basic Scenario (per Quarter at year 5). We are defining a 45% security margin over the smallest market leaders as seen on case study of MercadoLibre.com.ar (+ 120,000 vehicles published in Argentina), MercadoLivre.com.br (+175,000 vehicles published in Brazil), Autotrader.co.uk (+450,000 vehicles published in the United Kingdom), Autotrader.com (+3,500,000 vehicles published in USA). 
• Interest rate provided to Autobay, as lender of Autobay Tokens (ABX), by third party lender was set on 3% as a conservative approach. Such rate will vary depending on the timeframe set for the repayment of the loan and could raise up to 6%. 
• When launching the platform in a new country prices will have promotions to create engagement from people therefore in the following table average publishing price between, Bronze, Silver, Gold and Platinum is $15 at year 4 and 5, and start at a +50% discount in first year.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT - Basic Scenario

FINANCIAL STATEMENT - Conservative Scenario

FINANCIAL STATEMENT - Aggressive Scenario

TOKEN INFORMATION

PAYMENT METHOD
Only Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) cryptocurrencies are accepted to buy Autobay Tokens during the Presale and Crowdsale.

TOKEN FLOW OVERVIEW
The specific flow of ABX Tokens would differ between people who acquired them during the Public Sale process than between people who will have to acquire them once this one has finished given that they would do so without any bonus rewards and at a higher cost. In order to purchase them they would do so from other ABX Token holders in third party marketplaces and exchanges. Once the Public Sale is over ABX Tokens will appear in a number of Cryptocurrency exchanges allowing anyone who hasn’t bought ABX tokens, the possibility of acquiring them. The exchanges targeted for token placement are: Bittrex, Kraken, Coinbene, Cobinhood, Bitfinex, etc. Once the Token Sale has ended, No new Autobay ABX Tokens will be created. 

ECONOMIC MODEL 
Autobay has a fixed supply of 945 million Autobay Tokens (ABX). The entire supply of tokens will be issued at the beginning of the token sale and no new tokens will be created after this instance. Therefore, creating a limited supply. In order to understand the scarcity and exclusiveness of the Tokens created, the Hard Cap at the Public Sale will be of $ 9,000,000 which divided between an average price of $20,000 per car would only allow 450 cars to be sold within the entire platform at Token Sale price. In order to understand the scale of this number Toyota sold in 2016 only in the United States 223,000 new cars.

ABX TOKENS REVENUE USAGE
The revenue generated by the company through car publications and advertisings will be used accordingly for the Operational Expenses of the company, growth of the brand and awareness on different markets (Marketing) and to support Discounts, Promotions that will create user engagement to the platform.

PRESALE AND CROWDSALE OF TOKENS
Any person wishing to contribute to Autobay through purchasing Autobay ABX Tokens will have to Register in the Autobay website (www.autobay.io) and take KYC process in order to get an email confirmation with a password allowing him to enter the Autobay Members area to access contribution addresses to pay with BTC and ETH.

BONUS SCHEME

• PRIVATE SALE o Bonus is of 47%. Starting May 9th at UTC 08:00 am. until September 19th 2018. 
• PRESALE o Bonus is of 27%. Starting September 20th at UTC 08:00 am. until November 20th 2018. 
• CROWDSALE o Bonus is of 0%. Starting November 21st at UTC 08:00 am. until December 10th 2018.

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AUTHOR

PUTRA969695

Paygine - Open finacial platform

P A Y E N G I N E L I M I T E D & BEST2PAY
Pay Engine Limited is an international payment processing company founded in April 2012 in the United Kingdom. Its founders included experts from the banking sector, who brought a wide range of experience to the company, including successful projects implemented at American Express, SEB, Bank St-Petersburg, Sberbank, Renaissance Credit, ABN-AMRO and RBS. Pay Engine Limited is the owner of the Best2Pay brand.

Today, Best2Pay services are used by finance and technology businesses, e-commerce, and beyond, to service more than 1.5 million clients every month, with a portfolio of more than $18 billion in serviced loans, with the number of end-customers increasing by an average of 34% per month. The Best2Transfer platform was recognized by The National Banking Journal as the product of the year for banks in 2015.

The Best2Pay service offers many advantages over competitors, including:

• Speed & Simplicity: clients can start accepting online payments in just one day 
• Safety & Security: Best2Pay has a Level 1 certificate of compliance with international PCI DSS security requirements 
• Cost Efficiency: Best2Pay is the only participant in Visa International’s “Bill Payments” program, enabling us to reduce the cost of the transaction interchange fee by 42.8%

The Best2Pay service also already includes the provision of information on transactions in the formats of the merchant’s accounting system, the calculation of the commission at the time of payment, SMS (text message) invoicing, IVR (telephone) payments; payment using social networks and instant messenger networks, and more. Best2Pay currently works with more than 50 clients, including banks and other financial services companies

Best2Pay – a market leader in online repayment of loans 
2015–2017 revenue per month, repayment of loans, and peer-to-peer transfers (USD, millions)

Why Cryptocurrency? 

Cryptocurrency and the innovative blockchain technology behind it are more than passing fads or investments. They help democratize banking and exchange services, making them available to billions of people around the world who are currently not serviced by the existing banking and financial system. With cryptocurrency, no central bank is required. Instead, users can directly exchange currency, goods, or virtually anything of value with other users. Such an exchange is: 

• Digital. It does not require physically mailing documents , titles, or satchels of cash. 
• Instant. Much like sending an e-mail, the transaction can be transmitted world-wide in seconds. 
• Secure. The military-grade encryption used by the system renders it unhackable. 
• Worldwide. It is available to anyone, anywhere. 
• Non-discriminatory. No central authority can block access or transactions.

Cryptocurrency Problems & Obstacles 

Cryptocurrencies have many advantages over the traditional banking system. Some of the traditional banking system’s barriers and shortcomings that are overcome by cryptocurrency include: 

• The possibility of governmental and oligarchic influence; 
• Difficulties of companies and entrepreneurs in different countries and regions in reaching mutual settlements; 
• Slow speed of transaction processing, currently not meeting the requirements of online business; 
• Inflation; 
• Lack of transparency; and 
• Higher cost of services compared to cryptocurrencies.

P A Y G I N E : THE SOLUTION

Due to the technical and regulatory complexities of each country, cryptocurrencies do not yet have the convenience and worldwide acceptance of traditional payment instruments like bank accounts, credit cards, and cash. Paygine will solve this problem by offering a universal open financial platform, which will connect the worlds of cryptocurrency and traditional payment instruments.

Summary of Paygine Functionality

Put simply, Paygine will allow both individuals and businesses to maintain wallets that hold a mix of their preferred fiat currencies and cryptocurrencies, with easy conversion between them; to use a bank card to buy whatever they want online or in stores around the globe (and allow sellers to accept such payments); and to transfer their money to or from any other user in the world instantly and securely.

Cryptocurrency & Blockchain Technology

The Paygine blockchain—or rather,Paygine Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)—provides transparent and secure interaction of the platform’s participants. Paygine will use blockchain technology in the following ways: 

• Building Paygine DLT, a decentralized ledger, to register all transactions in the system. All Paygine participants receive unique Paygine-ID identifiers. 
• The information is available only to participants involved in the transaction and to the platform administrator (arbitrator). The transaction receives a unique code in the system, which can be used to obtain detailed information on the operation in real time. The use of blockchain technology makes it possible to monitor the information’s invariability and its safety at the network nodes available on different continents. 
• Implementing basic application program interfaces (APIs) for accessing Paygine DLT services. Using the Paygine-ID, the client can interact with Paygine DLT using the API provided. At the first stage, the client will have access to information on his or her own transactions and publicly disclosed information (exchange rate, reference, information, etc.).

DEPOSIT AND WITHDRAWAL

 Maintaining a wide range of ways to deposit into accounts, wallets, and private individuals’ cards on the Paygine platform, as well as developing extensive ways to withdraw funds from them, is crucial when choosing and evaluating the convenience of working with a particular platform. We will pay special attention to expanding the channels for depositing and transmitting payments on Paygine’s platform. In addition to traditional channels such as cards, accounts, and cash, we will actively connect new channels for depositing and paying using cryptocurrency.

Initial Coin Offering

In order to raise funds necessary to develop the Paygine platform, the founders will hold an initial coin offering (ICO). The ICO will allow investors to obtain Paygine tokens (PGC) that will be used to pay for platform services. The ICO will have two major stages: pre-ICO and ICO. PGC tokens distributed during the preICO stage will be offered at the maximum discount. 

• Purchase currency: BTC, ETH, or various fiat currencies (to be determined) 
• Minimum amount needed to launch the project: $3,000,000 
• Maximum amount: $30,000,000

Token description

• The PGC token will be the basic functional tool on the Paygine platform and can be purchased through the ICO sale. Token holder will have the right to pay for goods or services using tokens with a discount from 10 to 30%. 
• A finite number of tokens (151,750,000) will be generated. There will be no additional tokens issued.

PGC Token Distribution 

The total amount of PGC tokens will be limited to 151,750,000. This total will be broken down as follows:

A further 87,742,392 tokens will be reserved for bonuses. All unsold tokens will be reserved for future use and will be kept by the Paygine platform. Reserve tokens will be put on hold for two years, pegged in a smart contract. The remaining 22,500,000 tokens will be distributed among the project team members.

Bonus System

Bonuses will be awarded depending on the timing and investment size. The earliest investors will be awarded with the larger bonus. The tickets exceeding 2 BTC are eligible for the special bonuses. Bonuses will be awarded depending on the timing and investment size. The earliest investors will be awarded with the larger bonus. The tickets exceeding 2 BTC are eligible for the special bonuses.

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AUTHOR

PUTRA969695

ARAW - The Decentralised Payment for E-Commerce Ecosystem

Abstract 
This paper describes a revolutionary combination of the Ethereum Blockchain technology and e-commerce & payment ecosystem. The ARAW token and its unique infrastructure offers e-commerce and service-providing companies to standardise reward programmes as well as expose the regular people to the cryptocurrency economy.

Executive Summary 
Today’s e-commerce industry is growing at a rapid pace and global retail e-commerce sales are expected to reach $4.5 trillion by 2021. For most commercial businesses, cryptocurrency is becoming a preferred mode of transaction highlighted by its current cap of hundreds of billions and expected to rise to trillions. According to research, most of the finance and banking industry is expected to move to the blockchain and hence adoption rate of blockchain across all industries will increase in the coming years.

Market State 
E-Commerce and commercial reward schemes are experiencing massive growth - the global sales via e-commerce in 2014 was 1.3 trillion dollars - expected to double in 2020, and the number of online shoppers is also expected to increase from 1.46 billion to 2 billion by 2020. As a result, e-commerce platforms and existing reward schemes are highly saturated - every individual shop offers their own exclusive points system. Additionally, customer acquisition is a serious problem given the difficulty for service providers to distinguish themselves from the competition. 

The ARAW 
Token Solution The Araw Platform offers a practical solution to the problems outlined above as well as the potential to become the practical heart of e-commerce and cryptocurrency combined. It strives to reward shopping with cryptocurrency by exposing the common person to the ARAW token. 

Market Overview 
Throughout the world the E-commerce industry continues to gain popularity. For each day that passes, the online shopping platform gains more customers and keeps increasing their trade volume. 

In addition, the potential of the retail and e-commerce industry will continue to grow in the future. In 2014, the global sales of e-commerce were about USD 1.33 trillion and are estimated to increase to double this tally in 2020. Accordingly, the corresponding retail sales that come from E-commerce are expected to increase from about 7.4% to 14.6% in 2015 and 2020 respectively. The number of online shoppers is expected to double the rate recorded in 2015 (1.46 billion) by 2020 (over 2 billion), Statista reports.

While preserving data integrity, the Blockchain records all the transactions ensuring that all the transactions carried out on the platform are secure as well as transparent. Furthermore, as well as the charges it will incur, Blockchain technology will also lower the number of intermediaries required to complete any transaction. Consequently, the integration of reward system on the Blockchain using smart contracts will be a significant improvement for the e-commerce industry.

Failure to Adapt the Growth of Cryptocurrency Tokens 
Today, the majority of the merchants do not accept payments made with crypto-tokens. However, a completely new digital asset class is undergoing creation: tokens of these products that are to be built-up on the Ethereum platform. The increase of a new wave of digital assets enhances the manufacturing of a token based digital asset economy. It is estimated that about 10% of the world’s GDP will be created on the blockchain by 2025, leaving merchants with no choice but to be part of the growing blockchain economy

Similarly, the graph below illustrates the growth of Ether’s market cap. Market capitalisation stands at approximately USD 68 billion as of March-2018. It has grown by 3750% since last year!

Below graph shows the continuous growth of Ethereum. We strongly believe that Ethereum founders has created such ecosystem that will continuously raise in the future. With upcoming versions of the Ethereum, transactions are expected to be more cheaper and faster. This is the main reason why ARAW token team has decided to implement E-Commerce & Payment Ecosystem on the Ethereum Blockchain.

The ARAW Token Ecosystem The Araw 
Ecosystem was carefully designed from the beginning as a supportive sphere in which users can be confident in their trades on the Blockchain. To capture a variety of users, we have provided an ecosystem platform that is scalable and effective, yet simple over the Ethereum Blockchain, where customers and brands can interact without restrictions in a dependable, trustless, and mutually beneficial manner. 

Araw Pay
Araw Pay will be an open widget to accept payments in ARAW tokens and can be used by any merchants anywhere online just like any other payment gateway providers. We aim to provide seamless Araw pay solutions in Araw mobile & web wallet, open API platform, and Araw e-commerce marketplace.

Banking System Integration 
With seamless banking system integrated in the Araw Platform, Customers will be able to buy ARAW tokens using linked bank accounts. They will also be able to exchange ARAW tokens with fiat and send cashback to linked accounts.

Araw Mobile Wallet 
The seamless integration of Araw Mobile Wallet with Banking and cryptocurrency Exchanges will enable Araw Platform users to; 
1. Top-up ARAW Tokens with a click of a button 
2. Send and Receive ARAW tokens 
3. Exchange ARAW tokens with any other crypto currencies like ETH and BTC 
4. Exchange ARAW Token with fiat currency and get cashback The ARAW mobile wallet 

continuously connected to Cryptocurrency Exchanges maintains the live exchange rate of the ARAW token and other cryptocurrencies.

Ethereum Blockchain – Proof of Delivery & Service 
The Araw e-marketplace leverages smart contracts to make the process of exchanging goods with ARAW token fast, secure and add trust in the system. It generates secure escrow for two transacting parties. Through this method they are given a money–back guarantee for buyers if the product turns out to be substandard and for the seller, it ensures that the fund for the product they placed on the marketplace is securely transferred to them. 

The distributed ledger system keeps funds secure and prevents any transaction participant from having control over the funds until independent delivery services confirms that product is successfully delivered to the buyer using external oracle. If the buyer is satisfied with the quality of product delivered, the payment is transferred to the seller and the share of payment that is owed to the delivery service will also be transferred. The Ethereum blockchain makes transactions between two individual possible without any need for an intermediary. This in turn reduces the cost of management and business transactions overall.

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AUTHOR-
PUTRA969695

HUMANCOIN THE CURRENCY OF KINDNES

is the new e-commerce cryptocurrency fuelled by the Proof of Charity mining protocol

Humancoin is a revolutionary platform bringing about the synergy of philanthropy industry, retail e-commerce and cryptocurrency markets, which together have a combined value of $3.5 trillion.

Marketing analysis

In 2017, according to MarketInsightsReports, the size of the charity market was estimated at an impressive $747 billion and it is clear that an enormous volume of “peer-to-peer transactions” are not being measured: many of us spare our change to people on the streets or make impulsive donations to charity from time to time.

Charity market 

Every third person on Earth gives to charity at least once per year, with 50% of donors providing aid to strangers according to the World Giving Index 2017, compiled annually by the Charity Aid Foundation. For the third consecutive year, charities have raised a record volume of funds. In the US alone, the amount of recorded donations reached $400 billion. About three-quarters of the country’s residents have helped a stranger at least once, and two-thirds have donated money to multiple charity foundations. The volume of donations in the US consistently exceeds 2% of the nation’s GDP; around 7 new charitable foundations are created every single day, with more than 1.5 million currently in operation across the country.

Problem 

Despite the rise of new mechanisms for donating, the charity industry still cannot overcome its main obstacle — a lack of trust. Donors, most of whom are private individuals, simply lack the means to verify whether their funds have reached the addressee in full and in the required timeframe, even if they transfer the money with the help of specialized organizations. According to various sources, about 20% (or more) of all donated funds end up being kept as administrative expenses by charity foundations.

Solution 

The distributed ledger technology, which is designed to put an end to the middleman, gets rid of the long charity chain composed of banks, NGOs, state bodies and law firms. Blockchain provides a digital mechanism for recording and viewing any transaction. It is important that the record cannot be hacked or modified. Blockchain solves the trust issue by providing transparency, traceability and security.

E-commerce market 

According to Statista, the global online commerce market is set to reach $4 trillion in 2022, while e-commerce retail sales hit $2.3 trillion in 2017. The retail landscape is rapidly changing and according to a Pew Research Center poll, currently, 8 out of 10 Americans are active online buyers.

Why own Humancoins?

• The Humancoin tokens are easily convertible into any points, miles, bonuses, coupons. Token owners are incentivized to hold them to take advantage of attractive benefits. And this provides a long-term, stable demand for tokens. 
• As the number of partners and the scope of cooperation within the Humancoin Network grows, so does the popularity of the token. 
• The Proof of Charity “mining” concept allows the project to scale hundreds and thousands of times.

Unique features of Humancoin

• This is the first ever blockchain project that has the potential to become a global e-commerce loyalty program aggregator. 
• Association with philanthropy gives its tokens a unique advantage in developing loyalty programs with partners creating a strong emotional resonance. 
• Instead of competing with existing programs, the Humancoin token is effortlessly integrated into already existing systems — all it requires is setting a conversion rate.

Humancoin token for token holders

Humancoin is not in direct competition with existing loyalty programs, but instead is intended for developing partnerships with them and acting as an aggregator across a collection of loyalty programs. The Humancoin token converts into points, miles, bonuses, coupons and tokens and is easily integrated into existing systems, without forcing businesses to reconfigure them — the only requirement is to set the conversion rate.

Humancoin token for the platform's partners

Platform partners may exchange Humancoin tokens for discounts/ points/miles. In this way, the tokens are returned for burning to the Humancoin Foundation. The rating of Humancoin partners will be based on the number of tokens transferred. The platform partner receives a certain benefactor status and a corresponding sticker/badge for posting on their website and social networks pages.

The Humancoin platform 

Humancoin is a P2P platform and ecosystem that brings together donors, recipients and e-commerce players. The platform's interface lets participants quickly send donations to any country in the popular currency, to monitor transactions and view reports on their charitable activities, as well as to use international customer loyalty programs. 

TOKEN SALE

Distribution of tokens 

3 055 mln For sale 

1 000 mln Partnership Development Fund 

600 mln Team reward 

50% blocked by smart contract for 6 months. 

50% blocked for 12 months 

600 mln Advisors and ambassadors 

500 mln Consultants and exchanges 

245 mln Bounty, airdrop and referral program 

All tokens available for sale at the Token Sale that go unsold will be burned. Tokens are allocated to the user's personal account, and will be distributed after the Token Sale has concluded and then listed on popular cryptoexchanges

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PUTRA969695

ORVIUM - Open and Transparent Science Powered By Blockchain

ORVIUM

Problem Overview 
The scientific publishing industry is one of the most profitable in the world. The top five publishers account for 50% to 70% of all publications, and their profit margins have been reported to exceed those of companies such as Google, Amazon and Apple. In 2015, the global market for scientific, technical, and medical (STM) publications was an estimated $25 billion. 

Orvium Mission 
Orvium works to eliminate market inefficiencies and improve the quality and effectiveness of scientific publishing. The ultimate objective is for Orvium to be the leading publication platform for the research community while returning the benefits of science to the society

Orvium Solution 
Orvium leverages a unique and seamless integration of cutting-edge technologies: Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts, decentralized storage solutions, big data analytics, and cloud computing, to create a platform to process, validate, and disseminate research data and results.

Business Model and Orvium Token (ORV) 
Orvium establishes a transparent, comprehensive and competitive business model to obtain and increase revenue while supporting global research. Orvium’s business model is built on the Orvium token (ORV), a new digital cryptocurrency created specifically for the platform.

Market Overview 

Market Opportunity 

In 2015 there were an estimated 9 million active researchers. They published between 1.8 and 2 million articles per year, which collectively produced more than 2.5 billion full-text downloads from STM publishers’ websites, plus perhaps another 400 million from other sites. These numbers grow by 3 to 3.5% yearly and do not 6 consider open access models which represent an important percentage. To give context on those numbers, 3 billion downloads is the total number of apps downloaded from iTunes Apple store during its first 3 years of existence or half of 7 the songs downloaded yearly from the same source .

Market Entry Barriers 

The nature of the current publishing system introduces important market entry barriers to new disrupting entities. Those arise from different false perceptions 13 promoted by the existing industry and is associated with different factors:

• Social and scientific factors: 

– Fear of ideas being stolen or not being properly credited. 

– Fear of reputational risks from trying new things. 

– Lack of trust in citizen science, perception of lower quality. 

– Established researchers are less likely to change. 

– Perception of the impossibility to establish a fair benefits system for researchers for sharing data or making papers accessible. 

• Technological factors: 

– Unnecessary idea, forced by the industry, requiring long-term investment in digital infrastructure for storing data and publications. 

– Lack of integrated data infrastructure across disciplines and organizations. 

• Policies and costs factors: 

– Perception that open science activities, such as preparing data for sharing, are time-consuming. 

– Opaque decisions about fees and policies that are driven by private interest rather than public good. – Current forced copyright and licensing model perceived as the only viable option. 

Orvium Market Entry Strategy 

Orvium introduces an efficient and simple strategy to overcome market entry barriers. The strategy is based on promoting open and transparent access to scientific knowledge while supporting the required technological evolution.

Copyrights and Licenses Owned by Publishers 

With traditional publishers, copyright under the current intellectual property rights regime is enforced by the owners of the journal. Authors grant copyright to exploit their content commercially without any retribution. In theory, the permission is granted in return for services provided, such as editing, peer review, publishing and advertising. However, a large proportion of the editing and peer review costs are already paid or done on a voluntary basis by the research community.

Low Quality Journals and Predatory Practices 

Alarmingly, during the last several years, fake and low-quality journals have proliferated. According to Beall’s list , the number of predatory journals doubles 22 every 2 years and the number of articles appearing in them has exploded, reaching more than half a million low-quality articles per year . This trend is driven by 23 increasing numbers of researchers (2%–3% annually) who need to publish in order to access grants and obtain recognition and awards leading to career advancement.

The Orvium Disruption 

“Nothing is more powerful than an idea whose time has come.” - Victor Hugo. 

Orvium disrupts the current publication business model by establishing a decentralized and competitive market, separate from the current oligopoly, to manage the life cycle of research publications. The idea is simple: authors and research institutions hold the copyright and the license for use of their publications. They are free to establish the terms and prices for the rights to print, redistribute, download, translate or re-use the publications. 

Community Driven Journals and Governance Rules 

Orvium is agnostic regarding the definition of governance rules, and its mission is to empower Orvium’s community with a framework that defines the governance rules that best fulfil the requirements of each specific DAJ case. 

The governance rules are enforced by Smart Contracts. The governance rules are a key aspect of the process in that they make up the framework that allows DAJ owners to set agreements regarding the operation of the journals in fields such as licensing or subscription-based models, which content to publish, and agreements with authors or third-parties. 

Publication Model Comparison 

The following table summarizes Orvium advantages and the current industry model:

Orvium Business Model and Token Mechanics 

The ultimate objective is for Orvium to become the leading platform for researchers, research institutions and scientific editors to manage the life cycle of scholarly publications. Orvium offers numerous advantages to accomplish this goal, while drastically reducing the costs associated with publication, thanks to its global decentralized platform. 


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AUTHOR-
PUTRA969695

ETHL - ETHERUM LIMITED

ABSTRACK

A user-friendly system for the creation, use, and manaagement of smart contracts may dramtically expand the rate of commercial and consumer adoption of blockchain technology. while blockchain (or distributed ledger technology) has the potential to recast the foundations of electronic commerce and data storage, the technology's use by non-computer proffessinals have been limited by lack of user-friendly applications. Ethlimited unleashes the speed, cost-reduction and security benefits of smart contracs for individuals and businesses. it represent the next generation of smart contracs that allows anyone to create one - without programing knowledge.

VISION

We want a world where cryptocurrency is as normmal as fiat money is nowadays. A world where people use smart contracts on a frequent basis with etherumm limited as the leading platform.

MISSION

Etherum limited wants to provide a user-friendly platform that willl enable the creation, modification and execution of smart contracts.

Also, to make smart contract creation as easy as signing up for an email account.

Etherum limmited wants to see people taking advantage of smart contracts. Smart contracts to make our lives easier - and Etherum LImited will be on the center of that innovation.

BENEFITS OF ETHLIMITED SMART CONTRATS
The general objectives are to stisfy common contractual conditions (such as payment terms, liens, confidentiality, and even enforcement), minimize exceptions, both malicious and accidental, and minimize the need for trusted intermediaries. Smart contracts eliminate the flaws of traditional contracts.

Transparency
Nothing is hidden to those involved in the contracts. The terms and conditions that bind the contract are available to be seen by all parties affected by the contracts.

Clear Communication
Ethlimited smart contracts bring in the advantege of accurcy in the transaction. 

Speed
Traditional smart contracts take a long time for it to be finalized and completed.

Security 
Smart contracts are highly automated, and they also use the best data encryption in the world.

Effeciency
Smart contracts are the dictionary definition of the word 'efficiency'. Since they are very fast and 100% accurate, that makes them very efficient in what they do.

Smart contracts are paper-free
Smart Contracts aid the conservation of the environment by eliminating the need to use paper and stop the indiscriminate cutting of trees.

Location is never a problem
Smart Contracts are not limited by any geogrphicl limintion, they re accesible from anywhere, as long as there is internet connection.

Smart contracts make a good storage and backup system.
Ethlimited smart contracts were designed to take down and record important aspects and details of every transaction.

Ethlimited smart contracts is all about trust
smart contracts are known to bring about trust and confidence in its execution.

Token Specifications 
Token Name : Etherum limited
Ticker : ETHL
Contract : 0x813a823F35132D822708124e01759C565AB4331d
Maximum Supply: 10,000,000
Decimals : 18

Token Allocation
Private Sale : 800,000
Pre-ICO : 1,000,000
ICO : 5,000,000
Airdrop : 500,000
Bounty : 1,300,000
Development : 900,000
Team : 500,000

Disclaimer
By being in with Ethlimited, the buyer or user agrees that they :

Having read and understood every part of the whitepaper and its terms and conditions and you agree to be bound legally by them and agree to the following:

* Live in the jurisdiction that allows the sales and purchase or ownership of Ethlimited tokens.

* Agree to their full contents and accept to be legally bound by them;

* Understand the regulations and laws of his country.

* Are not purchasing Ethlimited tokens for investments purposes.

* Understand how cryptocurrency and blockchain work.

* Will not make use of the crowdsale or Ethlimited for illegal purposes.

LINK MORE INFORMATION

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Author
Putra969695